Chronic and Infectious Disease Paper - 790 Words

Chronic and Infectious Diseases Paper Chronic disease is a fight that many fight each day. Some argue that chronic disease can be prevented with good healthy obtained through a good diet and exercise. Individuals should seek out a doctor when he or she wants to obtain good health. Each person definition of good health would be different because his and her levels of protein, carbohydrates, fiber and fats will be different. This paper identify characteristics of chronic disease, Examine the relationship between a healthy nutritional program and cardiovascular disease, Describe the effects of chronic and infectious diseases on the immune system, and Explain how exercise can affect the body’s immune system. Chronic diseases are diseases of†¦show more content†¦Pathogens can quickly change and adjust to escape detection and destruction by the immune system. Therefore, several defense mechanisms have too changed to identify and neutralize pathogens. Disorders of the immune system can cause autoimmune disease, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Immunodeficiency appears when the immune system is less functioning than normal, causing in recurrent and life threatening infections. Immunodeficiency may be an effect of inherited disease passed down. Autoimmunity happens from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissue believing they are foreign organisms. Some familiar autoimmune diseases are hashimoto’s thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus type 1, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Research show that exercise and a good diet make the immune system strong. However, there are studies that reveal that overly forceful exercise can lessen immunity and may make individuals ill. The human nation is subjected to viruses on a daily base, and some seem more vulnerable to catching the cold or flu. Consequently the average adult has two to three upper respiratory infections a year. 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Mencius Free Essays

Philosophy Response – Mencius Throughout Mencius, there is continual debate amongst the people regarding human nature; is it, by nature, good or bad? Every option is discussed by Mencius himself, ranging from whether all are born good, born evil, born with both or born with neither. Overall, Mencius succeeds in his description of all possibilities of whether human nature is good or bad. The main permutation discussed by Mencius is that all humans are born good. We will write a custom essay sample on Mencius or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Book 2, Part A, Section 6, Mencius describes a child falling down a well. If a human were to see this child fall down the well, they would not just stand there doing and feeling nothing, because they have a heart. Any human with a heart would feel sorrow and sadness for the child that just fell down the well. For anyone without a heart, this would mean that they would feel nothing and their human nature is ultimately evil. In the same part, Mencius describes the â€Å"4 Shoots† of human nature. These four shoots, when accepted and learned by humans, ultimately lead to good human nature for the rest of their lives. The four shoots are â€Å"the heart of compassion, benevolence; the heart of shame, dutifulness; the heart of courtesy and modesty, observance of rites; and the heart of right and wrong, wisdom† (2A6). These four shoots, throughout the book, show how they apply more to humans with a good nature rather than a bad nature. Benevolence, as described by Mencius, is a primary part of the four shoots of human nature. In one section, Mencius states â€Å"One who puts benevolence into effect through the transformation influence of morality will become a true king, and his success will not depend on the size of his state† (2A3). This means that the human with a good nature that uses benevolence correctly will ultimately end up with the best in life, as shown in this example by showing how a normal person will become a king over the people. Also, this shows that no matter what you have will not matter because you have shown a good nature, and everyone will respect you for what you have already. However, there still is the evil side of human nature. As Mencius says, â€Å"Benevolence brings honour, cruelty, and disgrace. Now people who dwell in cruelty while disliking disgrace are like those who are content to dwell in a low-lying place while disliking dampness† (2A4). This excerpt shows that those with an evil human nature will end up drawing the wrong things from benevolence, such as cruelty. Those who draw cruelty will end up living a very dark and depressed life, and their evil human nature will continue to hinder their true abilities as humans. Mencius successfully shows the difference between benevolence in good human nature and benevolence in evil human nature. By showing how good benevolence will lead you to being as high as a king, against bad benevolence will lead you to a sad and depressed life, shows the reader and listener that good benevolence will always lead to a better life for anyone. Dutifulness is another part of the four shoots, and just as important to human nature as any of the other parts. Mencius alleged, â€Å"Life is what I want; dutifulness is also what I want. If I cannot have both, I would choose dutifulness rather than life† (6A10). This shows how dedicated to the four shoots Mencius is, because he would rather die than have to break away from dutifulness. This leads back to the example of the bear claw and fish story. In his story, Mencius compares the fish to life, and bear claws to dutifulness. Mencius would rather take the bear claw than the fish because Mencius already has life, but dutifulness is much harder to come by. When given the opportunity, Mencius would rather take the bear claw / dutifulness, so he can get as much dutifulness as he can. That is the good human nature because the person that truly has a good human nature would rather take dutifulness over life so they can continue having a good human nature. However, those who have an evil human nature would rather break the rules of the 4 shoots just so they can continue to live their life. This also shows how the person is scared of death, because they would rather break a barrier of honestly and truth rather than die knowing they lived a truly good life. This is also a successful comparison from Mencius because he shows how those who would give up their life to continue a life of good nature would truly live on forever, while those who are afraid of dying would rather continue on in their life of misfortune and evil. Observing the Rites is another important part of the four shoots, due to the fact they are rules that are set in stone, and by breaking these rules, much punishment and anguish is headed your way. In one part, it is said â€Å"According to the rites, when summoned by one’s father, one should not answer ‘I am coming’. When summoned by one’s prince, one should not wait for the carriages to arrive† (2B2). This shows that, for example, if called by your father, you shouldn’t just say that you are coming, because there is always the chance that you would not come, and therefore you are disrespectful to your father, who is your elder. To continue living your life with a good human nature, you should always do as you’re told, no matter what is told to you by an elder. This is a matter of respect and a matter of respecting and observing the rites laid out. However, those who just expect things to happen or say things to make people happy are being selfish. By just saying things and not following through with them shows disrespect to anyone you are talking about or talking to. Therefore, you are breaking the rites and you are having an evil human nature. This is also successfully examined by Mencius because this shows how much following the rules and respecting your elders counts in society. Without respect and rules, there would never be any good human nature, and the world would be a dark and sad place to live. Wisdom, or the heart of right and wrong, is the last of the four shoots, but without this part there would be no decision making in society ever. Going back to the example of the girl falling into the well, if one were to see this happen and not act properly on it, this would be an example of evil or bad human nature. If one were to just walk away or stand around and do nothing would be devoid of a heart, because if you were to help in some way to help the girl get out of the well, your wisdom would improve and your human nature would remain good, maybe even improve. Those who would find a way to help the girl out of the well, or alert other people so that they may help too, would have a good human nature, due to the fact they are doing something positive to help society instead of limiting society to something so sad and negative by leaving the girl in the well. Mencius successfully describes this because he shows how those who are devoid of a heart would make the wrong choice, while those with a heart would make the better decision and help out the girl. As Mencius states, â€Å"Human nature is good just as water seeks low ground. There is no man who is not good; there is no water that does not flow downwards† (6A2). Mencius believes that all humans are born good, and although many try to disprove this theory, Mencius ultimately comes up with better arguments than them all. Mencius successfully defends his claim that all humans are born good, and by doing this, shows how all people can have a good human nature. How to cite Mencius, Essay examples Mencius Free Essays 1. What social structure does Mencius envision for the ideal society? Who should be in charge? Does he favor choosing officials based on ascriptive status (i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Mencius or any similar topic only for you Order Now their aristocratic pedigree) or does he believe in using meritocratic criteria for selecting officials? Is he egalitarian, or does he favor maintenance of a social hierarchy? Mencius developed a very early form of what was to be called in modern times the â€Å"social contract. Mencius, like Confucius, believed that rulers were divinely placed in order to guarantee peace and order among the people they rule. Unlike Confucius, Mencius believed that if a ruler failed to bring peace and order about, then the people could be absolved of all loyalty to that ruler and could, if they felt strongly enough about the matter, revolt. 2. What makes a state successful in Mencius’ eyes? Does he esteem conquest and military might? Economic power? Religious or moral force? What does a ruler need to do to make his state successful? What happens to bad rulers? (Mencius’ argument that unjust rulers may be overthrown) Does Mencius esteem the creation of a unified empire, and if so, how should one go about unifying China? Mencius emphasized the significance of the common citizens in the state. While Confucianism generally regards rulers highly, he argued that it is acceptable for the subjects to overthrow or even kill a ruler who ignores the people’s needs and rules harshly. This is because a ruler who does not rule justly is no longer a true ruler. What are the hallmarks of a moral society in Mencius’ way of thinking? How should wealth be distributed? What kinds of lives should people lead? What outward signs indicate that a society is good, and what are the symptoms of emerging social problems? 4. What is the role of education in Mencius’ ideal society? Should education focus on practical training? Ritual knowledge? Moral cultivation? Who ought to be educated? According to Mencius, education must awaken the innate abilities of the human mind. He denounced memorization and advocated active interrogation of the text, saying, â€Å"One who believes all of a book would be better off without books. † One should check for internal consistency by comparing sections and debate the probability of factual accounts by comparing them with experience. 5. Explain the following ideas according to Mencius: gentleman, mandate of Heaven, filial piety, the (Doctrine of the) Mean, the Five Relationships, benevolence, the innate goodness of humankind. How to cite Mencius, Papers

Baggit free essay sample

Baggit is a leading Indian premium brand of ‘Bags accessories’ for women that is designed and manufactured in India. Baggit Evolution. †¢ was born in 1990 and is based in Mumbai †¢ First sold from Inxs, Kemps Corner, Mumbai †¢ Spread like wild fire across trade channels in Mumbai and Delhi †¢ Distributed from Large Format Retail from 2000 †¢ First exclusive outlet in Atria mall, Worli, Mumbai †¢ Now retailed across country in all sales channels Baggit Offering. †¢ Handbags †¢ Wallets †¢ Mobile Pouches †¢ Belts †¢ Caps †¢ Scarves †¢ Footwear Baggit Core Values. †¢ To provide the Indian consumer with the latest international designs in bags and accessories †¢ Design Trendy and smart fashion †¢ Styling †¢ Value-add †¢ Choice of colours †¢ Thoughtfully designed †¢ To provide a variety of styles to cater to the tastes of a varied audience †¢ To ensure that the consumer gets the best quality products †¢ Quality is controlled inhouse by a group of talented designers †¢ Every product passes critical design acceptance test †¢ 100% quality inspection of imported CC fabrics, imported trims Achievements. Ranked in top 3 brands in the category in Sales, turnover and MPF in Lifestyle consistently over 4 years †¢ Ranked in top 3 brands in the category in Sales, turnover and MPF in Shoppers’ Stop consistently over 4 years †¢ Grown to 11 exclusive outlets in a span of 2 years †¢ Felicitated with the ‘Proggy Award’ ‘manufacturing non-leather products’ for the Company of the Year by PETA 2007 Face behind Baggit. Ms. Nina Lekhi. †¢ Voted as one of the 50 most powerful business women of India by business today (October 2007) †¢ First generation entrepreneur Started from scratch, built a rock solid business †¢ Strong social and spiritual values Advocate of SSY [Siddha Samadhi Yoga], Meditation practice followed in Manufacturing, Aims to create Rural Employment Going Forward. Brand Vision †¢ To be the most preferred brand of women’s bags in India †¢ To open overseas EBO’s †¢ To keep pioneering Fashi on at the very core An interview with the face behind Baggit Nina Lekhi Baggit manufactures and retails bags that cater to a genre of women who deem bags an integral part of their singular style statement and whose designs are both utilitarian and hedonistic. Franchise India Media (FIM) : What was your prior occupation? Nina Lekhi (NL) : Just before I started Baggit, I had been a student. FIM : Tell us about Baggit and its product offerings. NL : Baggit mainly manufactures and retails bags that cater to a genre of women who deem bags an integral part of their singular style statement. The designs are both utilitarian and hedonistic. Our bags are a blend of comfort and style. Other products that we deal in are Handbags Wallets, Mobile Pouches, Belts, Caps, Scarves and Footwear. FIM : What is you start-up story behind Baggit? NL : I was told by my teachers to stay away from classes in college until I cleared my first term exams. I took it as a challenge and decided to prove myself. I decided to become a designer. Then I did part-time courses in textile designing, weaving and colour dyeing. I also participated in designing competitions and soon won a couple of art awards and providing regular consignments for couturier Mike Kripalani. It was then I started Baggit. FIM : How did you finance your start-up operations and how long did it take for the company to become self-sustainable? NL : I borrowed my initial funding of Rs 7000 from my mother. FIM : How was the experience of building a team? NL : Since I did not have enough money I started by hiring freshers for designing and neighborhood tailors for the stitching of bags. I managed everything and used my house for warehousing. FIM : What are the challenges that you have faced in your entrepreneurial journey so far and how have you dealt with them? NL : Money is always a constraint for new and small companies. We also have to convince our family of our endeavours. My father was a little worried as the business of bags entailed traveling to unheard places in search of raw materials, but my mother was very supportive. FIM : What is your growth plan for the coming 3 three years? NL : Our expansion plans also include concern for rural areas and environment. â€Å"We plan to have a composite unit in rural areas. This will generate employment and enable villagers to live in cleaner and greener spaces. The effort will also help us keep costs and prices down and thereby reaching out to more consumers in India,† adds Lekhi. A TOI article -what are baggit bags all about? ina lekhi, lead-ing accessory designer and the woman behind the label smiles. baggit bags are me, because every bag that i design is a part of me. its really a funny story, because it was when a friend and myself were crooning the popular michael jackson hit, beat it, in the changing room of a swimming pool, that together we coined the name, baggit. the story starts when nina lo st a year in college and found her-self with plenty of time on her hands and the desire to prove her mettle. she took part-time cours-es in textile designing, weaving and colour dyeing. oon she won herself a couple of art awards and providing regular consign-ments for coutu-rier mike kripalani. nina does concede though, that never did she imagine that her nonchalant creative pursuits at sophia polytechnic would become a buzzing business worth over 3 crore. a look at the baggit line and one realises that it caters to a genre of women who deem bags an integral part of their singular style state-ment. the designs are both utilitarian and hedonistic. even though we follow trends, our bags are a blend of comfort and style, says nina. ooking beyond the humdrum persistence of black leather, baggit lets ornamentation and colour invigorate fashion. its latest line, which includes stark achromatic zebra print baguettes in velvet, matched with a metal twine handle and square bags with a copiou s dash of sequins, beads, tassels or embroidery, reek of sheer sophistication. the palette is pastel with lavender, mint or beige in bigger nylon bags for the shopping or college bags but the hues get brighter and include vibrant pinks, cherry and blues for the more dapper styles. here are additional shades which tend towards abstraction like stone, ice and smoke, but are as much a part of the fashion scene as the faux skin bags, denim is hot too, says nina. and, frankly, the choice is wide enough, so what you select should match your per-sonality and mood. one also sees an array of shaded can-vas prints, crochet, brushed drill, twill, jute, viscose, velvet, satin silks and poly urethane, which, explains rajesh mehta, who is closely associated with baggit and its materi-al supply, tells us is imported and eco-friendly. aggits upmarket clientele thrives on its daily-use collection which includes work bags, gym gear and hip wallets. and, the tear drop-shaped tradi-tional drawstring p otlis or the oblong bags laced with an indian border with a suspended cell phone pocket, can spice up an evening ensemble for that occasional fusion chic. baggit retails at selected outlets including the shoppers stop chain, the crossroads-piramyd store, and, of course, their own bag boutique, inxs. prices range from rs 375 to rs 775 for bags and rs 225 to rs 375 for wallets. Few more articles†¦ The idea isn’t born of a brief flash of lightning, but one that is conceptualised, mulled over, and thrashed out. Its pursuit is fraught with risks, where women battle self-doubt and dig into their piggy banks to negotiate a rocky path that takes them from the drawing board to companies worth crores. There are no must-do manuals or how-to guides. Instead, they rely on instinct, patience, experience and persistence. These four women took a plunge into the unknown, some alone, others with friends or their spouse. LEAP OF FAITH Like 41-year-old Mumbai-based bag designer Nina Lekhi, whose company, Baggit, was born from her need to prove to her peers that she wasn’t a failure. After flunking her first year at Mumbai’s Sophia Polytechnic where she was studying art, Lekhi spent a year at home. It was the lowest point in her life. But the sense of worthlessness didn’t pull her down. Instead, Lekhi found herself taking up a part-time course in screen-printing and interior design and wandering through the markets of Mumbai in search of fabric and canvas. It was during this time that Lekhi decided it would be â€Å"fun† to make bags. She did the screen prints herself and hired a tailor to sew the bags. Gradually, that year, Lekhi found herself creating 50 bags a week and soon hired another tailor to help her out. Baggit, the company, was created in 1983 and now has three stores in Mumbai with two more in the offing. Unlike Lekhi, †¦.. No Baggage, Just Bags Nina Lekhi, 42, Managing Director, Baggit The genesis: Failure, quite literally, became the starting point for Lekhi’s venture. After flunking her first-year college exams, she decided to familiarise herself with interior design and screen printing. The latter gave her an opportunity to design handbags, made from canvas sourced from the local wholesale market. â€Å"I also wanted to prove something to my teacher at Sophia Polytechnic, where I was studying, who felt I would come to no good,† Lekhi quips. Nina Lekhi And while she began well over 20 years ago, it was, as she puts it, just a hobby till about four years back when she realised the potential of her business—after attending a professional insight programme—and took it seriously. Company she keeps: As the name suggests, Baggit is into bags, having sold over a million of them since inception. The product portfolio also includes belts, laptop cases, caps and scarves; Lekhi recently also ventured into men’s and children’s accessories as also footwear. Numbers of note: She started with just Rs 7,000, and raked in Rs 5 lakh in the first year of operations in 1985-86. Her last reported turnover —for 2006-07—stood at Rs 7 crore and she expects to close the current fiscal with Rs 15 crore. Starting off with one tailor, she today employs 50 full-time staff and another 450 job-workers in her factory. XY factor: None at all. Wo(e)man moment: None really, she states. A video interview http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=HKJH1-FYTUM | | |

Two great speeches Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States Essay Example

Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States Essay What do Ain’t I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States by the President of the Southern Confederacy tell us about the divisions between people in United States during the 1860s? The 1860s were a tumultuous time in the history of the United States. Public discourse and debate centered on the economic, cultural and political divisions between the northern and southern states of the union. The two speeches in question were delivered in the context of an impending military implosion between the two sides. The speech titled Ain’t I a Woman was spontaneously delivered by Sojourner Truth – a slave woman from New York State – on 29th May, 1851. She makes a passionate appeal in her speech towards all Americans, to make a case for racial and gender equality for all black women. She implores the audience to think about the privileges and comforts enjoyed by white women and men that are not extended for blacks. When the speech got wider recognition during the Civil War, it caught the imagination of the general public and has since remained a classic piece of oratory. The rhetorical devices used by Sojourner Truth illustrate the condition of b lacks in the country. By using poetic language, her oration captures the essence of inequalities beween the sexes and the races that existed during the Civil War. For example, We will write a custom essay sample on Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two great speeches: Aint I a Woman and Address to the People of the Free States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"I have as much muscle as any man, and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it.† (Truth, 1851) In contrast, the speech by Jefferson Davis titled ‘Address to the People of the Free States’ was given in his capacity as the President of the Southern Confederacy on 5th January, 1863. In this speech, he condemns some of the decisions taken by Northern leaders, including Abraham Lincoln, for seeking the co-operation of blacks as well as promising them freedom if the campaign succeeds. As a counter response to Lincoln’s generous promises, Davis showed some reactionary tendencies as he relegated free blacks in the South to slave-hood again. He also declared that any black Union soldiers captured during the course of the war would be imposed chattel status as would any black American taken prisoner. His address was full of vitriol and spite as he went as far as to praise the virtues of a slave society. He justified this assessment by claiming that blacks are an inferior race and their proper role in American society is to serve the interests of the white man. The terrifying tone of the address perhaps indicates desperation in the Confederates’ cause, as they suffered critical defeats at the time this speech was delivered. What Jefferson Davis’ speech undeniably reinforces is the deep-rooted prejudice and discrimination against African Americans. Sojourner Truth’s speech, on the other hand, is an effort to bring emancipation for blacks, especially women. Hence, the two speeches in discussion present opposing viewpoints on what the status of blacks should be. Both of them also represent the two camps in American politics during the time of the Civil War – those who are in support of granting blacks their freedom and those who are opposed to it. Works Cited: Jefferson Davis (President of the Southern Confederacy), An Address to the People of the Free States, delivered on 5th January, 1863, retrieved from Sojourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman?, delivered 29th May, 1851, retrieved from Grace Hong’s essay titled ‘The Possessive Individual and Social Death: The Complex Bind of National Subjectivity’ offers numerous insights into historical social constructs. Focusing on the evolution of American history since the time of the Declaration of Independence, the author charts a cogent description of how the socio-polity resisted progressive changes. The book is focused on women of color feminism and the culture of immigrant labor. But prior to arriving at their specific discourse, a broader framework of understanding is laid out. Hereby, two important terms are introduced by the author. Possessive individual traces its origins to the framing of the constitution, whereby, only the propertied white males of the new country were accorded citizenship. Not only were blacks (who were slaves at the time) were excluded, but so were women and a large section of white male population. The privileged minority of propertied white men enjoyed laws that .

UP DATED BENEDICT ARNOLD essays

UP DATED BENEDICT ARNOLD essays Benedict Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut. Arnold received his schooling at Canterbury. While away at school, a few of Arnolds siblings passed away from Yellow Fever. Arnold was a troublesome kid that would try just about anything. As a 14-year-old boy, he ran away from home to fight in the French and Indian War. Later, Benedict Arnold left and returned home through the wilderness alone to work with his cousins. The army had excused him without penalty because of his young age. In 1762, when Benedict was just twenty-one years old, he went to New Haven, Connecticut where he managed a book and drug store and carried on trade with the West Indies. (B Arnold) In 1767, he married Margaret Mansfield, a daughter of a sheriff of New Haven County. They had three sons together. When the Revolutionary War was just beginning to break out, Benedict Arnold became a prosperous ship owner, merchant, and trader. Within days, Arnold became very interested in the war once again and joined the American Army. All of the battles Arnold commanded over showed immense courage and bravery, but he was soon known as Americas greatest traitor due to his betrayal of the Americans. As the Revolutionary War broke out, Benedict Arnold decided to volunteer to head over 1,000 men up to Maine. He asked for additional men from his companies to join the army. Arnold then became a captain in the Connecticut Militia. General George Washington had his favorites, which Arnold was among the very few. So, Benedict Arnold was sent on an infernal 500 mile march to Maine by Washington, also known as The Rock. (Macks 72) Benedict Arnold and only about fifty percent of his original soldiers made it to the St. Lawrence River where they met up with General Montgomery. Their plan was to attack th e British Army by surprise in Quebec City, Canada. Both Montgomery and Arnold arranged to start on the lofty mountainsides of Quebec. Arnold and his so...

Practice Revising Affirmatives Into Negative Statements

Practice Revising Affirmatives Into Negative Statements This exercise will give you practice in turning positive statements (also called affirmatives) into negative statements. Practice Instructions The most common way of turning a positive statement into a negative statement in English is to add the word not (or the contracted form -nt). In a declarative sentence, the word not is usually placed after a helping verb (such as a form of do, have, or be). Similarly, in less formal writing, the contraction -nt may be added to the helping verb. For each sentence in the next section, write the negative version of the verb or verb phrase in italics. In some cases, you will need to add a helping verb. When you have completed the exercise, compare your answers with those in the final section. Practice Problems The teacher was paying attention to the other children in the room.The band was playing perfectly in tune.The police concluded that the security system had been working properly.The research study concluded that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.Travis has been a taxi driver for a very long time.My friend wants to move to Alaska with her family.I waited for Charlie to finish complaining about his stupid cell phone.Sara is the first person in our family to go to college.When I go to bed tonight, I will think about pink elephants.We have been seeing a great deal of each other lately.I heard my grandfather singing in the shower.We are going to spend our vacation at the lake this year.Caleb tried very hard to win the race.Last night I went to the movie theater with Takumi. Practice Solutions Here you will find answers (in bold) to the exercise. Note that contracted forms (such as  wasnt  or  didnt) may also be written out in full (was not  or  did not). The teacher  was not paying  attention to the other children in the room.The band  wasnt playing  perfectly in tune.The police concluded that the security system  had not been working  properly.The research study  did not conclude  that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.Travis  has not been  a taxi driver for a very long time.My friend  does not want  to move to Alaska with her family.I  didnt wait  for Charlie to finish complaining about his stupid cell phone.Sara  is not  the first person in our family to go to college.When I go to bed tonight, I  wont think  about pink elephants.We  have not been seeing  a great deal of each other lately.I  did not hear  my grandfather singing in the shower.We  are not going to spend  our vacation at the lake this year.Caleb  didnt try  very hard to win the race.Last night I  did not go  to the movie theater with Takumi.

Research manuscript critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research manuscript critique - Assignment Example This study sought to establish how much time the mentor and the mentee spend together, the issues they discussed, where they met, as well as the services and information that the mentees received from the mentors (Blinn-Pike et al, 1998). Data obtained from the research was to be used in conceptualizing a theory of governing the mentor-mentee relationship. Being a mixed method approach, the researchers collected both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample size consisted of 20 mentors who were volunteers. They were required to fill in contact forms that had both quantitative descriptive question and qualitative paths that required the mentors to describe the experience. The descriptive questions used to collect the quantitative data centered on the amount of time spend with the mentee, issues discussed between the mentee and the mentor, and the services provided by the mentor to the mentee. Subsequent data analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data followed. The mixed method approach enabled the researchers to approach the research question from different perspectives (Blinn-Pike et al, 1998). The results obtained can be used to develop a theory that will govern the mentor and mentee relationship. This was a quantitative study that sought to outline the significance of language and cultural education on the secondary achievement of Chinese-American and Korean-American students. This study was designed to understand how language and cultural education contributed to the performance of these students. This was after a clear indication that Chinese-American students who withheld their language and cultural education registered better grades in school. Therefore, the author sought to highlight the specific contribution of language and cultural education in propelling children from these ethnic groups to success. It had been noted that students of these ethnic groups who tried to become integrated into the American culture were not as successful as

Advanced Corporate Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advanced Corporate Reporting - Essay Example This is in particular for the companies that issue public bonds on a regulated European market. These accounting standards have shown a significant impact on the potential influence on the behaviour of economic agents. Accounting standards caused the financial institutions to behave in a certain way that enhances the financial stability in the long run.1.2 Arguments of European Commission/ Union on IFRS: It was opined by analysts that the core of the financial mismanagement lies within the commission and due to the fact that structure is opaque. The problems of financial mismanagement are the basic enforcements weaknesses. The court of auditors of European union admitted that the 80 percent of taxpayers money was never accounted properly. The responsibility for combating fraud has been considered by European commission. It was observed that the EU's financial regulation 2342/2002, article 87(4) claims that there I no need to attempt the recovery of any sum less than million euros and this has been ruthlessly exploited. By eliminating the loop hole, the European commission resulted in shared responsibility instead of separation of the responsibilities. As the improvement is not possible if each EU institution or department works with different standards and criteria, the common standards for the accounting were considered. Due to the erroneous accounting the debtors of European commission simply disappeared in 2002-03. ... Another problem with the old system is potential mismanagement of cash due to lack of principles in cash flow analysis. The maintenance of huge cash suggests the deliberate retention of member states and companies surpluses against EU rules, the establishment of own resources by the tax payers money. These huge funds are used to maximize the public funds. This should be avoided as the cash in hand by any company should be reported and the use of it can be restricted. To avoid these issues, the credit rating of the companies should be true and fair and must be based on accounting statements. This should be regulated by EU. The implementation of IFRS auditing on EU and the companies in the EU states resulted in overcoming the problems regarding the financial mismanagement and misuse of cash. The action on fundamentals and injection of commercial reality was made possible by the introduction of IFRS. The commercial organizations will ask themselves the questions regarding their performa nce and they should be reflected in the financial statements. The IFRS made it possible and the transparency has been resulted in the use of the money of the investors. This needs a creation of financial infrastructure and that was taken by the lesson from New Zealand that will audit fully singed annual accounts within three months. The auditors were made independent in assessing and auditing the company's financial statements and strict guidelines have been imposed according to IFRS. This made possible good financial management in the company's possible and gave the required security for investor's money in the company. This gave chance to investor to estimate the

Womens Rights Essay Example for Free

Womens Rights Essay Women’s Rights have changed without a doubt since 1945. Many opportunities arose for women and women could do things they could never do before. They were able to voice their opinions without being suppressed and this made women very happy. Prior to 1945, women’s rights were limited in areas such as politics, employment opportunities and social opportunities available to them. Largely, women were expected to be wives, mothers and work within the home; this was particularly the case for middle class women who did not suffer the financial burden of providing for their families. Prior to 1945, women had limited opportunities to voice their concerns and interests in public spaces and often suffered without legal or social support within abusive family situations. This began to change with the rise of second wave feminist movement which focused in equality for women. Politics Prior to 1945, women had limited voices to discuss issues of equality in the political arena. This changed as feminists such as Germaine Greer wrote and encouraged women to be politically active. The Women’s Electoral Lobby formed in 1972 which lobbied for childcare and maternity leave. In 1975, the Whitlam Government elected women’s representative; Elizabeth Reid to address women’s rights in the political arena. Employment During the early 1970s, there was a significant push to make tertiary education in Australia more accessible to working and middle class Australians. The Whitlam Labor Government abolished university fees on January 1st 1974. Equal pay progression was up to 1974 including an adult minimum wage. Different jobs were available to women due to free tertiary education allowing social mobility. Social mobility was the ability to change social classes. The Anti-Discrimination (1985) made it unable to discriminate on the grounds of gender or pregnancy. Social Change Women’s rights within society and the home as well as expectations altered as women gained greater voices within society. In 1961, the introduction of the Birth Control Pill allowed middle class women to control when they could have children. The Family Law Act (1975) established the principle of no-fault divorce in Australian law. This means that a court does not consider which partner was at fault in the marriage breakdown. To conclude, women’s rights have undoubtedly changed since 1945. The key areas were politics, employment and social change. After 1945 was the era in which the woman would shine.

Mise-en scene :: Free Essays

Mise-en scene The literal translation of the word mise en scene means, "to put on stage" or "placing of a scene", and is used to describe those visual aspects that appear within a single shot. These definitions are derived from the terminology of the theatre; additional meanings have been added in recent years to apply the term in the cinema, the more open definition now also encompasses sound. Ira Konigsberg defines mise en scene, in "The complete film dictionary" as "Mise en scene, in discussions of film, refers to the composition of the individual film, the relation of objects, people and masses; the interplay of light and dark; the pattern of colour; the camera's position and angle of view, as well as the movement within the frame". The use of mise en scene in films is now often registered as the imprint that the director puts upon their cinematic vision, the totality of how the director designs and actuates given scenes. The many areas they fall into being: Setting is usually perceived as a signifier of authenticity, such as the place where the events are happening, they are a constructed setting for action. Often settings are invented, they do not exist, and are set in the future or space, films such as Star Wars or the Fifth Element. Locations can not only be recognised and help us to place the characters within a film, but can also through the film itself create their own space and meaning. Props are devices for conveying meaning which films are dependent upon. They are definers of genre, examples of which are weapons in action films. They can also however become unique signifiers of meaning in a particular film, while all scenes are constructed around numerous props, our attention is often attracted to a particular significant one by the use of close up or dialogue. This shows the significance of the objects, we know that thy will be important in the narrative. Costume and Make-up these are variants of props but are tightly

Environment and Phenotype

The environment can affect the degree to which a gene may be expressed In an Individual. For example, solo type and weather conditions may affect plant growth. Seeds deliver energy for germination and Minimal growth until plants begin to photosynthesis and create their own glucose for further development. Aim/Purpose To demonstrate the effect of environment on phenotype to formulate a hypothesis about the effect of environment on phenotype To design and conduct a controlled experiment to demonstrate the effect of one environmental factor on a plant phenotype. Hypothesis-Radish plants that is grown in sunlight, room light and in the shade where there is absence of light, those that in the shade will display isolating where there Is pale stems and leaves, elongated stems and leaves reducing In size whilst those grown In light will be green, sturdier and shorter. The plants that are grown in the room light will be In the middle of the other two (light and dark). Apparatus and materials- 6 plant pots Beaker to measure amounts of water for the watering of plants Pack of radish seeds 30 CM ruler that has mm written as well 3 trays Soil enough for 6 pots Risk Assessment-The bean seedlings may have contagious diseases. Therefore gloves should be worn. Leather shoes is most recommended to be worn as handling glass may break and water might make you slip Method/Procedure- 1. Put solo Into each of the pots up to where the crease Is, making sure It Is even In all pots 2. Plant seeds by following Instructions on the back of the packet 3. Germinate radish seeds with equal amounts 4. Two seedlings were left as a control: it was watered and taken care of normally under shade. 5. The other four seedlings were placed in either light covered area, or one in dark covered area 6.Water occasionally and wait for observable phonological results. Note Don't overflow the pots with water Just till moist. 7. Take notes of Plant growth and observations seen. Keep a record of all data being done Results- Observations: Dates: Task: 27. 2. 14 Germination of plants 13. 14 Watered: mall 11 . 3. 14 Watered: mall 14. 3. 14 Measured/taken pictures 18. 3. 14 Light: Stems turning purple starting from the bottom to the top of the stem Leaves vibrant green Thicker stems Control Pale looking Control g's stem from the bottom is more thicker than control 1 Control 2 is more shriveled up while control 1 is still slightly straightLeaves have shrunk Dark Stem of dark 2 is more of white than dark 2 where it is like a pale green/grey Discussion- *trends happening Conclusion- The phenotype expressed in the light ones display green pigment for the environment influenced the need of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. The ones in the dark turned albino, in the absence of light, photosynthesis cannot take place. When these albino plants were put in the sun, over the course of 2 days they altered to a green color again. From Day 7 to Day 10 plants raised in shade displayed isolating whereas thos e raised in light did not Observations of plants grown in eachThere were some factors that have affected some of the result of the experiment. The position of the plants should have been closer together not that far apart. The plants placed in the dark under the bench were the furthest from where the plants in the light and room light were assigned. The amount of water being put in the pots and the consistent watering made the trays flood with water making the pots more than Just moist. The water in the trays wasn't emptied so it was there for quite a while and was it got emptied a bit later on in the experiment.The dependent variables in the experiment were the growth and the progress of the Lana and this depends on the amount of water, amount of sunlight being taken into place. The control that was kept the same for each plant was the amount of water being put into the pots. The accuracy of the experiment wasn't to professional expectations but it was taken into considerations of the factors that can affect it. There could be more to make this experiment better and also with the results that were taken. The reliability of the experiment was reliable as it was compared to another student's similar works done in their time in year 12.But what could have made it more liable is that the experiment could have been repeated another time since the plants start sprouting after 5-7 days after being planted. The plants in sunlight grew normally but those of the same species grown in the dark where there is absence of light elongated much faster to increase their chance of finding light. They were pale in color due to the lack of chlorophyll. The plants that were place in the normal room light grew but the stem wasn't as thick as the one in the light. The energy reserves of the seed were used up therefore it leads to the plant dying in comparison to the one exposed to light.Other factors in the environment, such as salinity and pH of soil, also affect the phenotype of a plant that would otherwise appear normal. The aim/purpose and the hypothesis were met and the results were similar. â€Å"Radish plants that is grown in sunlight, room light and in the shade where there is absence of light, those that in the shade will display isolating where there is pale stems and leaves, elongated stems and leaves reducing in size whilst those grown in light will be green, sturdier and shorter. The plants that are grown in the room light will be in the middle of the other two (light and dark). †

Recount Essay

The movie recount is a very good representation of what happened during the 2000 election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. It dives into the legal battle between the two campaigns as the recount of Florida’s votes kept the nation waiting for over a month. Although the movie shows both sides of the story, I believe the Democrats supported the making of this movie. During the movie they made it seem like the Democrats were being treated unfairly but really the government was just following the rules. Today it is still a controversial topic, I believe the government handled it the right way and that if it was to happen again, the same outcome would happen. At the end of the movie they have two quotes, one by Democrat Warren Christopher, and he said, â€Å"The world is watching. We are, after all, its last great democracy†¦.†. The other by Republican, James Baker, and he said, â€Å"People are going to say all kinds of things about this election, that it was down to 154 votes, that Bush’s brother was the governor, that the US Supreme Court gave it to us. But I want you to remember that we won every single recount. Never once did we trail Gore. And who knows how many votes we lost when the networks called Florida for Gore before the polls were closed on election night? But more important than all that is that the system worked. There were no tanks on the streets. This peaceful transfer of power in the emotional and trying of times is a testament to the strength of the Constitution and our faith in the rule of law.† I agree with both of the quotes, but the one that really should make everyone trust the government is the last two sentences of James Baker’s quote. There were no tanks on the streets and no war was started over this. Both parties respected the Constitution and how it was handled. There was plenty of things that had affect on the process, but five of the most important were, butterfly ballots, hanging chad, the Florida recount law, the Republican control of Florida, and voter discrimination. Butterfly ballots are ballot papers that have names down both sides, with a single column of punch holes in the center, which has been likened to a maze. This butterfly ballot caused confusion to many voters, and quickly after they voted many had called in saying the voted for the wrong person. The reason given for the design was that they felt the people wouldn’t be able to read the font if  they put all the candidates on the same side of the ballot. Although the set up may have been confusing it is your job as a voter to pay attention to what you are doing while voting. A hanging chad is the piece of paper left hanging from a punch-card ballot when the punch is incomplete. A bulging chad is still at tached to the hole on both sides. During the 2000 election chads were a very big deal. During the recount it was a big decision whether or not to count a vote that didn’t go all the way through even if you could tell where their intended vote was heading. In my opinion they should not count the vote if it did not go all the way through, again it is your job as a voter to make your vote obvious. The Florida Recount Law states that, the close vote margin for Florida elections is 0.5% of the total votes cast for a given office or measure. The law specifies that candidates, including candidates for retention to a judicial office, and ballot measures are all subject to recounts. Both primary and general elections are eligible for recounts. The apparent losing candidate by this margin can waive the recount if such a request is made in writing to the canvassing board. The 0.5% close vote margin at first initiates a recount of paper ballots. If the recount results in a vote margin that is less than or equal to 0.25%, a hand recount is called for. However, the hand recount is only for those ballots containing under votes or over votes, and is mandated only if the collective total of under votes and over votes is enough to alter the result of the election. As many people know Florida is usually a Republican state. During the 2000 election George W. Bush’s brother, Jeb Bush, wa s the Governor of Florida during the time and many people believed this helped him win. During the movie it seemed as if the Republicans in charge were trying to end the recount as fast as possible. Many people may look at this as cheating because the Governor was a Republican, but the truth is they wanted it to end because the Democrats were only asking Democrat sections of Florida to recount and they did not want to lose the Presidency because of a recount. I think that the Republican control of Florida didn’t affect the recount at all and that they handled it the same way a Democrat party would have if roles were reversed. Voter discrimination was and still is a very big deal in Florida. During the 2000 election in Florida wide-ranging errors and unequal resources in the election process denied countless Floridians the right to vote. The majority of these Florida voters fell most harshly on the  shoulders of African Americans. The movie showed that if you had the name similar to a felon it would not let you vote as well. This was very wrong and that could have fixed the election. Although it was all very confusing and left many Americans, and the two candidates waiti ng for over a month, it all goes back to what James Baker said, â€Å"There were no tanks on the streets. This peaceful transfer of power in the emotional and trying of times is a testament to the strength of the Constitution and our faith in the rule of law.†

Global Warming and Increase of Global Temperature

Global Warming and Increase of Global Temperature Introduction Global warming refers to the rise in the normal temperature of the earth’s near-surface atmosphere and water bodies ever since the middle of the twentieth century and its predictable continuation. As reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, in the year 2007, the universal surface temperature rose by 0.74 to 0.180C for the duration of the twentieth century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Increase of Global Temperature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was the panel’s fourth assessment report and the study concluded that a better part of this phenomenon referred to as global warming in is as a result of human activity. Climate representation extrapolation concluded in the most up-to-date IPCC report point out that the earth’s surface temperature is to be expected to go up an additional 1.1 to 6.40C during the twenty first century (Noon, 2 012, p 1). Even as some quarters dispute these projections and disagree with existing evidence of global warming as being caused majorly by human activity, the facts are just too compelling. However, human activities are not the sole causes of global warming as there are several other causes including natural factors. With global warming increasing day by day, the increasing advancements in technology have had their share of contribution in the disastrous impacts of global warming. The main cause of this phenomenon is the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere and these bar heat from escaping from the earth’s surface. Thus, a way(s) of reducing the amount of these gases in the atmosphere needs to be worked out. Deforestation is another cause of global warming.This leads to increased radioactive forcing from CO2, methane, ozone chloro-flouro carbons and nitrous oxide (Noon, 2012, p 1). Since 1750, the concentration of CO2 has increase d by 36%, while the level of methane has grown by 148% due to industrial revolution (Atmosphere Changes, 2011). This is when people cut down trees, those trees and other green plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) which is a greenhouse gas. CO2 is produced by the human being and other animals. With fewer trees, it would be difficult for people and animals to breathe since there would be more CO2 in the air, yet human beings and animals do not breathe CO2 but oxygen (O2). However, some studies suggest a slight cooling effect; others suggest a slight warming effect. Increased solar activity and increased greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere while increased solar activity warms the stratosphere but increased greenhouse gases cools the stratosphere (Nicklen, 2012, p 1).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Occurrences illustrating increase in global temperature Sea levels ge tting higher For the last century, observations show that sea levels moved higher world over. The average figure stood at more or less seventeen centimeters. Observations show that the order at which the level went up in the last decade is shockingly almost two times that of the last century. An example of an area going through this phenomenon is the marshland going under water at Bayou Chitigue, Louisiana. The estimated sea-level rise for this marshland is 1.38 centimeters per year. For a period of four years, straight up buildup averaged 2.07 centimeters annually which means the land’s elevation was corresponding to the increase in sea level (Nicklen, 2012, p 1). Coastal marshlands constitute the most useful ecological units in the world. These lands at the land-ocean periphery offer loads of direct gains to humanity, as well as home for money-making fisheries and wildlife, storm defense, enhanced water quality by way of deposit, nutrient and effluence elimination, leisure, and visually pleasing values. These precious ecological units will be extremely susceptible to the consequences of the fast increase in sea level projected to take place in the course of the next century as an outcome of global warming. The effects of rising sea water levels have had adverse effects on aquatic animals. Many animals are dying due to lack of food and also due to effects of poisonous substances which occur especially from industries. Rise in global temperature Every single one of the three main universal surface temperature reconstructions gives an indication that the planet has become hotter ever since 1880. The largest part of this warming has taken place from the 1970s, with the twenty hottest years taking place from 1981 and with all ten of the hottest years taking place in the last twelve years. The years beginning in 2000 up to date have seen a reduction in solar output with the period 2007 to 2009 a noticeable solar least amount. Despite this, surface heat leve ls keep on rising (Natural resources defense council, 2012, p 1). The effects of increase in universal temperature are evident from the outbreak of a variety of viral ailments like malaria. The causal agents of these illnesses thrive well in environments with elevated temperatures. The outbreaks have especially been experienced in the developing world. As a result, the economies and health of people are affected negatively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming and Increase of Global Temperature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mortality rates of both children and adults have gone up in the last two decades. Economies suffer because a larger part of the resources are directed at curbing these ailments through vaccinations and efforts to eliminate the causal agents altogether. Other than viral infections, high temperatures pose difficulties to persons with cardiovascular complications. In severe occurrences, persons have lost lives as a result of heatstroke aggravated by elevated temperatures. High temperatures also lead to heat fatigue difficulties and respiratory difficulties as a result of harm to lung tissues which is a danger to persons with asthma. Industrialization leads to increased radioactive forcing from CO2, methane, ozone chloro-flouro carbons and nitrous oxide. Industrial revolution is the main cause of the constantly increasing concentration of CO2 and methane. Particulate and soot are also the reasons of global warming. They are also caused by volcanoes and human made pollutants especially aerosols (Jones, n.d, p 1). Warming oceans The world’s oceans have taken up a great deal of the augmented heat, with the upper seven hundred meters, that is, two thousand three hundred feet, of ocean illustrating increase of 0.3020F ever since 1969. Increasing heat levels have an effect on the physical nature of all oceans. As air temperatures go up, water density decreases and the water parts from a nutrient-filled chilly stratum underneath. This forms the starting point for a sequence effect that affects all oceanic life that depends on these nutrients for continued existence. The most pronounced effects of this warming on oceanic populaces are alterations in natural homes and food provision and shifting ocean alchemy. Single-celled plants, phytoplankton, that thrive at the ocean floor and algae utilize the process of photosynthesis for making food. The process takes away carbon dioxide from the air and changes it into natural carbon and oxygen which provides for virtually all ecological units. Studies show that phytoplankton survives in cooler oceans. In the same way, algae which are a plant on which other oceanic life feeds is declining due to oceanic warming. Thus, the most important nutrients are barred from finding their way upward and are stuck to a small stratum near the floor. The temperatures of the sea surfaces have been shown to rise.Advertis ing Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This poses a great danger to aquatic life as water bodies warm up and result to coral reefs which have adverse effects aquatic life. Many of the coral animals died after being weakened by bleaching, a process linked to the warmer waters. Annual growth cycles have been affected leading to disruption of entire oceanic food chains. Heat-driven organisms like phytoplankton have commenced their annual growth phase earlier in the season as a result warming oceans. Creatures that once traveled to the floor for nourishment are now hitting upon areas devoid of nutrients (Jones, n.d, p 1). Migration patterns that never existed before have been manifested along the east and west coasts. For instance, heat tolerant groups have spread out northward. The effect of this is a new jumble of species in a totally new location, in the end leading to alterations in predatory routines. Those species that will not be able to become accustomed to their new environment will die and become extinct. The chemi cal composition of oceans is another aspect that is being altered due to increasing global temperatures. Higher carbon dioxide levels being emitted into oceanscause a rise in their acidity. With higher acidity levels, phytoplankton is trimmed down. The result is reduced marine plants to absorb greenhouse gases. Elevated acidity levels also impact negatively on other life forms like corals and shellfish. These might become extinct with time if nothing is done to counter global warming.Since the diversity of species is important for human survival, human life will be adversely affected and even human survival will be threatened. Disappearing ice sheets Ice sheets at Greenland and Antarctic are diminishing at high rates. Statistics from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment illustrate how Greenland dropped ice ranging from 150 to 250 Km3 annually from two thousand and two to two thousand and six. Antarctica dropped more or less 152 Km3 of ice in the period from two thou sand and two and two thousand and five. Ice sheets outline the earth’s surface and form the principal freshwater source. Shrinking ice sheets put many humans at risk from floods, rise in sea levels, droughts and deficiency in drinking water.The areas that are majorly threatened include Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and several other small island nations. Ecological units in these areas are being messed up and life that has been thriving there now faces extinction if nothing is done. Animals that won’t thrive in flooded areas such as polar bears face such threats. Extreme weather events Quite a number of excessive climate events have taken place in the last few years and they are as a result of global warming. These include pronounced heat waves and intense precipitation. They are expected to increase if appropriate steps are not taken to curb rise in global temperatures. Their effects are detrimental and lead to loss of lives since they are difficult to predict. Temperature o f large lakes increase and the large lakes worldwide have had their temperatures rise drastically. These temperature rises have contributed to increase in algal blooms in lakes and favor invasive species, increase lake stratification and lower lake levels. These changes have adversely affected the fish populations in major lakes thus hindering fishing industrial activities. Extreme droughts and floods The high temperatures increases evaporation and more prolonged droughts in some areas of the earth. The increased evaporation leads to increase in amounts of rain received in parts of the world. This leads to flooding. In other cases, some areas receive more rainfall at the expense of the areas which experience drought spells. However, this is controlled by wind movements which carry the rain bearing clouds with them leaving their areas of origin with no rain bearing clouds thus such areas experience droughts while the areas of destination receiving enormous amounts of rain thus floods . There is a prediction of more violent swings between floods and droughts which will not support any meaningful agriculture thus famine and food insecurity. This is significant because of the changes in climate patterns which affect rainfall and drought seasons most likely by shortening rainfall periods and lengthening the drought seasons. In ecological systems the earlier timing of spring events and the pole ward and upward shifts in fauna have contributed to global warmingby increasing the recent warming of the earth. If the process of global warming continues, it will change the ecosystems of certain regions. It is expected that most of the ecosystems will be negatively impacted by these rising temperatures and rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Global warming is generally expected to cause elimination of plants and animals and reduced multiplicity of the ecosystem. Poor human health The warm temperatures are bound to cause more deaths due to heat waves and more alle rgy attacks as the pollen season grows longer there have been some changes in the ranges of animals that carry disease like mosquitoes. Due to the environmental changes caused by global warming, these disease vectors have mutated over time and have become more difficult to manage. As such they spread more diseases posing a threat to human existence. Effect on animals Garbage disposal points when burnt produce large amounts of greenhouse gases. Garbage which is not burnt is left to rot; during this rotting process methane is produced in enormous amounts (Shahan, 2011, p 1). Since methane of one of the greenhouse gases, global warming is bound to increase. Deforestation is another cause of global warming. This is when people cut down trees, those trees and other green plants absorb carbon dioxideCO2) which is a greenhouse gas. CO2 is produced by the human being and other animals. If the amount of trees and plants is reduced, then less oxygen (O2) produced by the greenery will be relea sed into the air, so people and animals will feel difficult to breathe as increased level of CO2 will be present in the atmosphere. It is the plants which breathe in CO2 and give out O2. How to curb global warming This phenomenon needs to be brought to a stop to avoid further negative effects and make the planet habitable for all forms of life. The first step needs to be reducing, reusing and recycling waste. We need to choose reusable commodities as opposed to non-reusable ones. Production of commodities with least packaging needs to be encouraged. Recycling can be done on paper, plastics, glass and even metal products. This goes a long way in reducing up to an approximated two thousand for hundred pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Humanity needs to use minimal amounts of heat and air conditions in homes, offices and even in transportation means like vehicles. We can begin by insulating our walls and setting up weather stripping about all building openings in a bid to reduce warm up costs by an estimated twenty five percent. Practices like turning down the heat while asleep or off in the course of the day and maintaining heat levels all the times are recommended. Statistics indicate that maintaining thermostats at two degrees lesser in winter and upper during summer is likely to keep at bay more or less two thousand pounds of carbon dioxide annually. Car owners need to drive less and smart. Reduced driving translates to fewer carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Mass transportation systems like trains are effective. Whenever driving, we need to ensure that the vehicle is running resourcefully. Tires need to be appropriately inflated and the entire engine well serviced. Every liter of fuel saved keeps carbon dioxide off our atmosphere in addition to saving on running costs (Anair, 2012, p 1). All of us need to ensure we plant trees and maintain the world’s forest cover to maintain our world green. In the course of photosynthesis, these plants take in carbon dioxide as they release oxygen. With many of them then there will be a good balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Turning off the faucet when brushing teeth is also an effective way combating global warming. This will help reduce the amount of water used thus reduce the pressure on the water supply. Turn off all electrical devices that is, lights, fans television, and computers among others, when they are not in use. This helps in energy conservation thus lessen the pressure on raw materials for energy production. Using energy-efficient appliances to help save about a third of the energy bills with similar savings on greenhouse gas emissions without scarifying features, style or comfort may as well be used as a remedy. Checking for leaks in toilets, faucets pipes, irrigation systems and others could also be a good prevention method. This will help in water conservation to a greater degree. Installation of low flow shower heads and having showers instead of having baths, which will also reduce on the amounts of water used in the bathroom. This is where several people share a vehicle to work or school (McCarthy, 2005, p 1). This is an effective way of saving on fuel by exploring economies of scale. People can also ride a bike instead of driving. This will save on fuel costs while giving one the daily exercise.Mitigation climate change is the reduction of the amount of future climate change. Conclusion We have seen that we are our own enemies and enemies of the earth which our own livelihood depend on. It is our own activities that are degrading the natural resources endowed to us by Mother Nature earth. There is much we can do to mitigate the situation and have a cleaner healthier world. Our own existence is at stake, and the future depends on what we will do from now on. Should nothing be done to correct the situation, we shall cause our own extinction.The general consensus is that global warming is as a result of human activity. T herefore, efforts need to be directed at environmentally safe practices if the planet is to remain habitable for people, other animals and plants. Universal cooperation efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol need to be encouraged and all world states need to back such efforts.The issue with reducing and stopping the menace of global warming is basically about risk and risk management. There are things that must be sacrificed to save the situation; we have to risk the life without some luxuries to save the future. In light of the fore-going, the following would help save the situation. All nations should sign the Kyoto type of protocol as a preventive measure towards global warming (McCarthy, 2005, p 1). Each family should consider establishing small forests and agricultural societies to embrace agro-forestry. This would help in preserving trees and forests which are very significant in preventing global warming as well as other environmental calamities. Families should also minimize the number of electronics in their households to help in preservation of energy would consequently preserve forests as less trees will be cut out. Countries in the tropics may also consider installing solar panels to minimize on the reliance on hydro-electricity and coal fuel. Government owned public transport should also be established to help regulate the number of private vehicles. Planting of more trees in areas which did not previously have plantation cover and in areas where deforestation has occurred, the cut trees should be replaced and more trees should even be planted (Anair, 2012, p 1). Similarly, civic education should be provided to citizens to educate them on the importance of conserving and planting trees. This will enhance CO2 absorption thus reducing amounts of greenhouse gases in terms of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Practice of organic farming where by the organic matter produced as waste from the farms is used as sources of manure and the use of insects and other animals in pest control should be implemented. This eliminates the use of inorganic fertilizers and means of pest control while advocating for alternative ways of promoting agriculture. Since these inorganic materials are not easily bio-degradable, they accumulate in soil causing toxic effects to terrestrial and aquatic life. They also produce Flouro-chloro carbons as byproducts of degradation. Global warming is a very serious environmental issue facing our world today and it is destroying our lives each and every day. As discussed earlier, the most important cause of global warming has been human activity (Natural resources defense council, 2012, p 1). As a result, the most effective way of combating this disastrous impact is by human changing their ways of living by using alternative ways of livelihoods just to avoid causing the effects of global warming. This could be done best by using prevention measures by industrial firms because they are the most contributing factors o f human activity contribution to global warming. This being said, the world can work together to prevent global warming as much as possible by using prevention measures. Reference List Anair, D. (2012). Global warming: science and impacts. Union of concerned scientists: citizens and scientists for environmental solutions. Retrieved from http://ucsusa.org/global_warming/ Atmosphere Changes. (2011). Retrieved from epa.gov/climatechange/science/recentac.html Jones, J. (n.d). What causes global warming: Learn the major human causes of climate change. Retrieved from acoolerclimate.com/what-causes-global-warming-learn-the-major-human-causes-of-climate-change/ McCarthy, M. (2005, February 2). Dramatic changes in west Antarctic ice could produce 16ft rise in sea level. The Independent, 28. Retrieved from independent.co.uk/news/dramatic-change-in-west-antarctic-ice-could-produce-16ft-rise-in-sea-levels-1528290.html Natural resources defense council. (2012). Global warming. Retrieved from nrd c.org/globalwarming/ Nicklen, P. (2012). What is global warming? The Planet Is Heating Up- and Fast Retrieved from http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-overview. Noon, M. (2012, March 15). Big green wants to repeal the industrial revolution. Washington Examiner. Retrieved from http://washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/2012/03/big-green-wants-repeal-industrial-revolution/364266 Shahan, Z. (2011, October 28). Yes, global warming is real and caused by humans. Retrieved from http://planetsave.com/2011/10/28/yes-global-warming-is-real-and-caused-by-humans/

An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Cultural anthropology, also known as sociocultural anthropology, is the study of cultures around the world. It is one of four subfields of the academic discipline of anthropology. While anthropology is the study of human diversity, cultural anthropology focuses on cultural systems, beliefs, practices, and expressions. Did You Know? Cultural anthropology is one of the four subfields of anthropology. The other subfields are archaeology, physical (or biological) anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Areas of Study and Research Questions Cultural anthropologists use anthropological theories and methods to study culture. They study a wide variety of topics, including identity, religion, kinship, art, race, gender, class, immigration, diaspora, sexuality, globalization, social movements, and many more. Regardless of their specific topic of study, however, cultural anthropologists focus on patterns and systems of belief, social organization, and cultural practice. Some of the research questions considered by cultural anthropologists include: How do different cultures understand universal aspects of the human experience, and how are these understandings expressed?How do understandings of gender, race, sexuality, and disability vary across cultural groups?What cultural phenomena emerge when different groups come into contact, such as through migration and globalization?How do systems of kinship and family vary among different cultures?How do various groups distinguish between taboo practices and mainstream norms?How do different cultures use ritual to mark transitions and life stages? History and Key Figures Cultural anthropology’s roots date back to the 1800s, when early scholars like Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor became interested in the comparative study of cultural systems. This generation drew on the theories of Charles Darwin, attempting to apply his concept of evolution to human culture. They were later dismissed as so-called â€Å"armchair anthropologists,† since they based their ideas on data collected by others and did not personally engage first-hand with the groups they claimed to study. These ideas were later refuted by Franz Boas, who is widely hailed as the father of anthropology in the U.S. Boas strongly denounced the armchair anthropologists’ belief in cultural evolution, arguing instead that all cultures had to be considered on their own terms and not as part of a progress model. An expert in the indigenous cultures of the Pacific Northwest, where he participated in expeditions, he taught what would become the first generation of American anthropologists as a professor at Columbia University. His students included Margaret Mead, Alfred Kroeber, Zora Neale Hurston, and Ruth Benedict. Boas’ influence continues in cultural anthropology’s focus on race and, more broadly, identity as forces that are social constructed and not biologically based. Boas fought staunchly against the ideas of scientific racism that were popular in his day, such as phrenology and eugenics. Instead, he attributed differences between racial and ethnic groups to social factors. After Boas, anthropology departments became the norm in U.S. colleges and universities, and cultural anthropology was a central aspect of study. Students of Boas went on to establish anthropology departments across the country, including Melville Herskovits, who launched the program at Northwestern University, and Alfred Kroeber, the first professor of anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley. Margaret Mead went on to become internationally famous, both as an anthropologist and scholar. The field grew in popularity in the U.S. and elsewhere, giving way to new generations of highly influential anthropologists like Claude Là ©vi-Strauss and Clifford Geertz. Together, these early leaders in cultural anthropology helped solidify a discipline focused explicitly on the comparative study of world cultures. Their work was animated by a commitment to true understanding of different systems of beliefs, practice, and social organization. As a field of scholarship, anthropology was committed to the concept of cultural relativism, which held that all cultures were fundamentally equal and simply needed to be analyzed according to their own norms and values. The main professional organization for cultural anthropologists in North America is the Society for Cultural Anthropology, which publishes the journal Cultural Anthropology. Methods Ethnographic research, also known as ethnography, is the primary method used by cultural anthropologists.  The hallmark component of ethnography is participant observation, an approach often attributed to Bronislaw Malinowski. Malinowski was one of the most influential early anthropologists, and he pre-dated Boas and the early American anthropologists of the 20th century. For Malinowski, the anthropologist’s task is to focus on the details of everyday life. This necessitated living within the community being studied- known as the fieldsite- and fully immersing oneself in the local context, culture, and practices. According to Malinowski, the anthropologist gains data by both participating and observing, hence the term participant observation. Malinowski formulated this methodology during his early research in the Trobriand Islands and continued to develop and implement it throughout his career. The methods were subsequently adopted by Boas and, later, Boas’ students. This methodology became one of the defining characteristics of contemporary cultural anthropology. Contemporary Issues in Cultural Anthropology While the traditional image of cultural anthropologists involves researchers studying remote communities in faraway lands, the reality is far more varied. Cultural anthropologists in the twenty-first century conduct research in all types of settings, and can potentially work anywhere that humans live. Some even specialize in digital (or online) worlds, adapting ethnographic methods for today’s virtual domains. Anthropologists conduct fieldwork all around the world, some even in their home countries. Many cultural anthropologists remain committed to the discipline’s history of examining power, inequality, and social organization. Contemporary research topics include the influence of historical patterns of migration and colonialism on cultural expression (e.g. art or music) and the role of art in challenging the status quo and effecting social change. Where Do Cultural Anthropologists Work? Cultural anthropologists are trained to examine patterns in daily life, which is a useful skill in a wide range of professions. Accordingly, cultural anthropologists work in a variety of fields. Some are researchers and professors in universities, whether in anthropology departments or other disciplines like ethnic studies, women’s studies, disability studies, or social work. Others work in technology companies, where there is an increasing demand for experts in the field of user experience research. Additional common possibilities for anthropologists include nonprofits, market research, consulting, or government jobs. With broad training in qualitative methods and data analysis, cultural anthropologists bring a unique and diverse skill set to a variety of fields. Sources McGranahan, Carol. On Training Anthropologists Rather Than Professors Dialogs, Cultural Anthropology website, 2018.Social and Cultural Anthropology Discover Anthropology UK, The Royal Anthropological Institute, 2018.What is Anthropology? American Anthropological Association, 2018.

Introduction to Brand Management (Cadbury Dairy Milk) Coursework

Introduction to Brand Management (Cadbury Dairy Milk) - Coursework Example Being unique is the ultimate goal of branding. Cadbury Dairy Milk offers a wide range of products in different countries all over the world. These products range from chocolate bars of different flavors to additives that can be used in beverages. This ensures the company to cater to a wider base of consumers who have different tastes. For a brand to be competitive and successful a company should customize its products according to the needs of its consumers and make it appealing to them (Ahonen 2008). Cadbury has used brighter colors on its chocolate bars and beverage additives so at to assist consumers to spot their favorite bars on the shelf and make their products attractive to capture more consumers. To stand out as the leading organization in the confectionery industry, Cadbury maintain uniformity and consistency. Uniformity ensures that its products all over the world have the same taste and quality. Consistency is to ensure that ingredients of the products do not vary a lot, for instance, a situation where similar products tend to differ in the sugar levels, color, among others. Having a flawless brand enables consumers to have a good perception of the products, and they will tend to purchase them whenever they are out for shopping. Cadbury Dairy Milk has risen to greater heights through its quality branding, and this has made their consumers develop trust towards the company’s products, ensuring repeated purchases of their products by their consumers. In addition, individuals who have never used their products can also buy their products due to the trust they have developed from its quality branding as they are sure even their products will satisfy them (Laforet & Saunders 2005). Brand Awareness is the magnitude to which a service or product is known by prospective consumers and is appropriately related to a specific product. It is associated with the functions of brand identities in the

Need for new models in the public safety leadership Research Paper - 1

Need for new models in the public safety leadership - Research Paper Example The new systems that have been put in place are merely a decade or two old and do leave much to be desired (Purpura, 2007, p. 102). The insufficiency and failure on the part of public safety organizations do gives way to much public outcry and solicit ample political attention. A lack of coordination and synergy between the Federal, State and local response systems further complicates the problem. The public safety organizations are constantly under pressure to envisage and promulgate the training standards that are designed on pragmatic and national standards (Purpura, 2007, p. 195). Besides in the sphere of public safety, the new systems need to take into consideration the available technologies and IT inputs. At the same time the need to upgrade the existing systems is pressing and inevitable. It is a known fact that the citizens today whom the public safety organizations are required to serve have access to varied communication technologies and tend to communicate with a wide arr ay of possibilities be they the wireless or mobile networks or the internet. Such daunting challenges and issues bring into question the vision behind the conventional leadership models supporting the public safety organizations. After 9/11, no further facts are needed to corroborate the truth that the existing leadership models in the public safety organizations leave much to be desired. The modern public safety organizations are desperately in need of the more up to date and complex models of leadership. There is no denying the fact that the challenges and issues that the public safety organizations have to put up with in the current times tend to be quiet unconventional and demanding. Though all forms of organized human endeavor requires the apt leadership models, still public safety is an aspect of human social organization that simply cannot do without an effective and

Translation of MRNA to Proteins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Translation of MRNA to Proteins - Essay Example This include the A(amino acid) site, where the aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon base combine with the mRNA codon ensuring the actual amino acid is included in the growing polypeptide chain. The second site is the P (polypeptide) site where the amino acid is moved from its TRNA to the growing chain of polypeptide. The third site is the E (exit) site where the empty TRNA stays before it is released back to the cytoplasm to combine with another amino acid and the process is repeated (Clancy and William, 2008). The next phase in the translation process is the elongation phase. In this phase, the ribosome moves with the mRNA in a direction referred to 5’ to 3’ direction, which needs the elongation factor G. The tRNA that corresponds to the second codon bids to the site A, a step that requires the guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which provides energy for the process and the elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts. After the TRNA- amino acid complex is in site A, GTP is broken down to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and released together with EF-Tu so as to be recycled by Elongation factor EF-Ts for the next process (Clancy and William, 2008). The next process is the formation of peptide bonds between the first and second adjacent amino acid through the activity of peptidyl transferase. Once the peptide bond is formed, the ribosome translocates causing the tRNA to occupy the E site. The tRNA is released to the cytoplasm to combine with another amino acid. Additionally, the site A remains empty and is ready to accept the mRNA for the next codon. This process occurs repeatedly until all the codons in the mRNA are read by the TRNA molecules, and the amino acids attached to the tRNA are joined to the chain of the growing polypeptide in the appropriate order. As soon as this takes place, translation process is terminated; the nascent protein is released from the ribosome and the mRNA (Clancy and William,

Leisure Time Activities For Overseas Students

Leisure Time Activities For Overseas Students Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out that leisure time activities have decreased among overseas students after coming to Australia and explored the hypothesis that leisure time activities has decreased among overseas students as compare to their home country. A survey was conducted on 50 students. Participants were selected randomly from the same course and a standard questionnaire was given to the participants. The questionnaires consist of 14 close ended questions. The results showed that overseas students engaged in leisure time activities on weekend in Australia. Where as in the home country they engaged in both. In addition to this, in Australia participants spend their most of time by doing outdoor activities and talking with friends. The result suggests that respondents do not have enough time to do their leisure time activities in Australia as compared to their home country. Universities should provide some activities to student on campus so that they can enjoy leisure a ctivities in college in their spare time. Introduction Leisure time is universal, something that every human being needs. It constitutes a period of free time that may be spent in any manner one chooses. Leisure time activities play a significant role in the daily life of students who have the heavy burden of study. By doing different types of leisure activities, like playing, reading, surfing the internet students achieve a feeling of well being and also gain more knowledge as well as having change in their life. For overseas students leisure time activities help them reduce stress and improve the relationships. Most people agree that leisure time activities hold an important role in student life.ABS (June 2011) showed that in 2011, more than 64% of Australian students aged 15 years and over are more interested in sport activity as it increase physical recreation and social interaction Moreover, Grahme and poyrazli (2007) researcher suggest that financial problems are experienced by majority of international student when they live in other country. In addition to this Barratt and Huba (1994) analysed that international students attempts to make friends and solve problem and improve communication. A lot of research has been conducted on leisure time activity. However, there are serious weaknesses in their results. Previous researcher ABS (2011) and Grahme and poyrazli (2007) have shown problem with Australian and international students they have not compared the what problem or activities has changed among students after they go to study overseas. In addition to this, overseas students face many problems like, language, eduction, and home sickness when they study in other countries. Moreover there was not a fixed aged group or sample for research to prove their hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to find why leisure activities have decreased among international students after coming to Australia and the hypothesis was the leisure time activities decrease among overseas student in Australia as compared to their home country. Methodology On Thursday 1st May 2014, a survey was conducted on 50 students. Who were enrolled in EAP 5 Academic English course at UWS College, Westmead campus. The survey took the form of questionnaire. This was devised and piloted in class with other students. Necessary questions were modified to produce the final version. The questionnaire consisted of 14 close ended questions. The first three were demographic questions where the respondent had to state gender, age and nationality. Whereas the rest of questions were related to time, place and different types of leisure time activities. The participants represented four different nationalities mostly from India. Male and female was participated but the majority were female. All ten EAP 5 classes went to the IELTS centre. Where seats were allocated according to class. Students started distributing their questionnaires EAP5H administrated their questionnaire to classes E, F, G and I and returned to their seats. The whole process lasted 1 hour. . At the end questionnaire was collected then data was collated and converted into percentages for use of further analysis. Results Figure 1 Figure 1 represents days in which participants engage in leisure activities. It is clear seen in Australia that most of students engage in leisure activities on the weekend. However, in home country most of respondents spend their time in weekdays and weekend. There were an equal proportion of participants that engaged during weekdays in their leisure activities in both countries. Thus, in Australia majority of participants engaged in weekend where as in home country they engaged in both days for leisure activities. Figure 2 Figure 2 illustrates the group with whom participants spend their leisure time. It is seen from the graph that in Australia majority of participants spend their leisure time with friends followed by family. On the other hand, in home country equal percentages of participants spend their leisure time with friends and family.5 % participants in Australia spend the leisure time alone as compare to home country. Overall, in home country friends and family is a best group for participants to spend their leisure time as compare to Australia. Figure 3 Figure 3 represents place used for leisure time activities. It is clear from graph that in Australia majority of participant used more outdoor activities and half of them preferred to do indoor activities. However, in home country most of respondent used indoor as well as outdoor activities in their leisure time. Hence, in home country majority of participant do indoor and outdoor activities in their leisure time as compare to Australia. Figure 4 Figure 4 illustrates time for leisure activities to students. It is seen that in Australia most of participants agree that they not have enough time for leisure activities in addition to this only 20% of participants have time to do leisure activities in contrast to that in home country majority of students have enough time for their leisure activities and only list of participants do not have time for leisure activities. Thus, in home country participants have enough time for leisure activities as compare to Australia. Discussion The aim of this research was to find why leisure time activities have decreased among overseas student. The hypothesis supported the study that leisure activities have decreased among international student after they come to Australia. A main finding was mostly consistent with study of Barratt and Huba (1994) they detected that international student attempts to make more friends. This could be because international student do not live with their family so they can express idea and views with friends and it help to solve them problems. A next significant finding was quietly similar with study of ABS (2011) they stated that in Australia student are preferred to do more outdoor activities then indoor .A likely reason for this is, that if they go out and do the activities it have to referees their mine and improve communication by communicating with other people. The finding supports the hypothesis. In the comparison of two countries surveyed. The respondents agreed that they do not have enough time to do leisure activities in Australia and they broadly engage in leisure activities on weekends. A possible reason for this, students have the burden of study and work in weekdays. Whereas in weekend students are free from all and they get more time to do their activities. A significant limitation in this research was that the questions are not well design. The sample size was too small to make generalization and all respondents are from the same college and course. Further studies should be carried out with large sample and survey conducted at different universities to investigate that leisure time activities has change among overseas student. The recommendation of study that universities should provide some different type of activities in campus so student can do in their spare time. Akanki Patel EAP5HPage 1